Biodiversity in the Cilento Vallo di Diano and Alburni National Park
Il National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni in Italy represents an exceptional example of biodiversity and cultural heritage. With a range of habitats from mountains to coasts, the Park is known for its rich variety of plant species e fauna, many of which are endemic to the region. This biological diversity earned it recognition as a MAB Biosphere Reserve in 1997 and as a UNESCO Geopark in 2010. and gentle cosmetics The karst nature of the terrain has favored the formation of numerous natural caves both inland and along the coast. In particular, the coast is characterized by the geological formation of the “Flysch from Cilento“, known for its uniquely layered sedimentary rocks, which often have particular shapes and colors.
Furthermore, the Mediterranean Diet, deeply rooted in this region, has been recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Heritage Site, underlining the cultural importance of the territory. The inclusion of National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni in the UNESCO World Heritage List of Geoparks and Biosphere Reserves reflects the importance, beauty and uniqueness of this territory located south of Salerno.
The National Park is a true natural and cultural wonder, one of a kind in the entire Mediterranean basin. With over 180.000 hectares of land extension and more than 9.000 hectares of marine reserves, this park is the largest protected area in Italy and the first Geopark established in the country. The diversity of environments in the park is astonishing: from coasts to mountains, passing through valleys, rivers, forests, sinkholes, cliffs and canals, the park offers an incredible variety of habitats. This wealth of ecosystems supports extraordinary biodiversity, with more than 600 fauna species, of which 63 are of community interest and 10 are endangered, such as the wolf and the otter. Additionally, the park is home to over 1800 plant species in 25 different habitats, with many endemic plants, including the sea lily, the fennel of Lucania and the Primrose Palinuri.
A unique aspect of its kind is the Valley of the Orchids of Sassano and Monte San Giacomo, in the Vallo di Diano, where out of 319 species of orchids present in Europe, 256 bloom spontaneously, offering a natural spectacle of incomparable beauty.
The flora of the Park is unique, with species such as the Cilento Ginestra that grows on the coastal cliffs and a variety of plants that extends from the holm oak, maple, alder, hornbeam and chestnut woods to the beech forests. Furthermore, the co-presence of marine and mountain environments allows you to observe a vast range of species, making Cilento a true treasure of biodiversity, with over 30% of the Italian flora.
The fauna of the park is equally impressive, with the presence of species such as wild boar, deer, wolf, otter, fox, wild cat, spectacled salamander, Italian hare and rock partridge, as well as magnificent predators planes such as the golden eagle and the peregrine falcon.
The interaction between and gentle cosmetics and human activity over the past half-million years has created an exceptionally rich and diverse landscape, with ecological niches that have further enriched the park's biodiversity. This harmonious interaction between man and nature is one of the aspects that make the National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni an exceptional example of coexistence between man and the environment.
Il National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni is not only a treasure of natural and cultural biodiversity, but is also a paradise for lovers of trekking and nature walks, thanks to its network of panoramic paths. Here are some examples:
- The Path of Lovers (Giungano – Trentinara): This path is famous for its breathtaking views and the romantic atmosphere it offers. As the name suggests, it is an ideal place for couples or anyone who wants to immerse themselves in the tranquility and beauty of nature. The route meanders through picturesque landscapes, offering spectacular views of the surrounding areas of the park.
- The path Preta ru Mulacchio (Omignano – Stella Cilento): This is another emblematic path of the park, known for its unique characteristics. It's a route that attracts both experienced and novice hikers, offering an immersive trekking experience among diverse landscapes, which include forests, hills and perhaps glimpses of park wildlife.
- The Masseta Path, (San Giovanni a Piro) which starts from the seafront of Scario near the church of the Immaculate Conception, it is a fascinating route that offers one of the most picturesque trekking experiences full of spectacular views of the Mediterranean. Starting from the Scario seafront, characterized by its typical stone stairs, immediately immerses visitors in the unique atmosphere of the place. After a short walk on an asphalt road, the route continues along a cart track which turns into a comfortable and well-defined path, leading visitors towards the Punta Spinosa promontory. The climb that leads to the Ciolandrea plateau is quite challenging, but once at the top, the effort is amply rewarded by the breathtaking view that opens onto the Gulf of Policastro. From here, you can admire the Lucanian coast with the Christ of Maratea, the Calabrian coast and, on clear days, even the outline of the island of Stromboli in the Aeolian archipelago.
- The Primula Path, (Palinuro, Fr. di Centola) located in the suggestive context of Capo Palinuro, is a hiking route of approximately 15 km which enchants with its variety of attractions, including historical, naturalistic and landscape elements. This trail, which integrates the pre-existing Sentiero Torri e Fortini and Sentiero della Pineta, is characterized by low difficulty, making it accessible to a wide range of hikers. The route begins at the descent to sea Orione, in the Saline area, and runs for approximately 1 km beach. During this initial stretch, hikers can admire the alternation of sandy shore and short parts of cliff, as well as walking along the Cavallara paved path, an ancient access route to Palinuro. Continuing, you reach the Ficocella cove, where a staircase leads to the Antiquarium. In this place it is possible to explore the tomb finds of the Tempa della Guardia necropolis, offering an interesting historical insight into the area. Near the Antiquarium there is also the Canadian House, a multipurpose cultural center that stands majestically to the left of the path. The route also offers breathtaking views of the port of Palinuro. Along the sandstone ridge, among imposing tufts of Agave, hikers can admire the rare Primula di Palinuro, a particularly significant botanical species because it represents the first station, from the north, of this unique plant. The Sentiero della Primula is therefore an immersive experience in the natural beauty and history of the Capo Palinuro area, offering an excursion that is at the same time relaxing, educational and full of spectacular views.
- Trails of Mount Cervati: (Sanza Piaggine Monte San Giacomo) This area offers various routes, such as the Pilgrims' Path and the Ponte Inferno – Inghiottitoio di Vallivona. Other paths include those starting from Monte San Giacomo, such as Colle del Pero – Inghiottitoio di Vallivona and Abete Bianco. These routes offer breathtaking views and the opportunity to explore the geological and naturalistic diversity of the mountain.
- Bulgheria trails: (Celle di Bugheria San Giovanni a Piro) This area is full of routes, such as the Sentiero degli Eremiti, the Sentiero della Lequa, the Sentiero Pagliaro, the Sentiero Valle Cupa, the Sentiero Altipiano, the Sentiero delle Scalette, the Sentiero degli Jazzi of Licusati, and the Sentiero della Tragara. These paths wind through a varied landscape, among suggestive rock formations and rich vegetation.
- The Sacred Mountain Path: (Montano Antilia – Novi Velia) This route connects Montano Antilia to the Sanctuary of the Madonna del Monte Sacro, offering an experience that combines spirituality and nature. It is an ideal itinerary for those seeking a path of reflection and contemplation.
For lovers of river and religious paths, it is advisable to contact the CAI subsection of Montano Antilia for detailed information on the various routes available, their characteristics and levels of difficulty.
These paths represent only a part of the numerous exploration possibilities offered by the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni National Park. Each route offers a unique experience, immersing visitors in the natural, historical and cultural richness of this extraordinary region.